Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites

Journal Title:	European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 2015-04-01, Vol.34 (7), p.1271-1280
Main Author:	Butler, T
Format:	Electronic Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Alcoholism Animals Bacteremia - diagnosis Bacteremia - epidemiology Bacteremia - microbiology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bites and Stings Capnocytophaga Capnocytophaga canimorsus Cats Cephaloridine Cephalosporins Disease Reservoirs - microbiology Dogs Endocarditis Health aspects Humans Incidence Internal Medicine Medical colleges Medical Microbiology Meningitis Meningitis, Bacterial - diagnosis Meningitis, Bacterial - epidemiology Meningitis, Bacterial - microbiology Moxalactam Postoperative Complications - diagnosis Postoperative Complications - epidemiology Postoperative Complications - microbiology Prevalence Review Sepsis - diagnosis Sepsis - epidemiology Sepsis - microbiology Septic shock Spleen Splenectomy - adverse effects Surgery Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence Factors
Publisher:	Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
ID:	ISSN: 0934-9723
Link:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25828064
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title:	Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites
format:	Article
creator:	Butler, T
subjects:	Alcoholism Animals Bacteremia - diagnosis Bacteremia - epidemiology Bacteremia - microbiology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bites and Stings Capnocytophaga Capnocytophaga canimorsus Cats Cephaloridine Cephalosporins Disease Reservoirs - microbiology Dogs Endocarditis Health aspects Humans Incidence Internal Medicine Medical colleges Medical Microbiology Meningitis Meningitis, Bacterial - diagnosis Meningitis, Bacterial - epidemiology Meningitis, Bacterial - microbiology Moxalactam Postoperative Complications - diagnosis Postoperative Complications - epidemiology Postoperative Complications - microbiology Prevalence Review Sepsis - diagnosis Sepsis - epidemiology Sepsis - microbiology Septic shock Spleen Splenectomy - adverse effects Surgery Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence Factors
ispartof:	European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases, 2015-04-01, Vol.34 (7), p.1271-1280
description:	Newly named in 1989, Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial pathogen found in the saliva of healthy dogs and cats, and is transmitted to humans principally by dog bites. This review compiled all laboratory-confirmed cases, animal sources, and virulence attributes to describe its epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis. An estimated 484 patients with a median age of 55 years were reported, two-thirds of which were male. The case-fatality rate was about 26 %. Its clinical presentations included severe sepsis and fatal septic shock, gangrene of the digits or extremities, high-grade bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, and eye infections. Predispositions were prior splenectomy in 59 patients and alcoholism in 58 patients. Dog bites before illness occurred in 60 %; additionally, in 27 %, there were scratches, licking, or other contact with dogs or cats. Patients with meningitis showed more advanced ages, higher male preponderance, lower mortality, and longer incubation periods after dog bites than patients with sepsis ( p
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Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites

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Butler, T

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Butler, T

description

Newly named in 1989, Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial pathogen found in the saliva of healthy dogs and cats, and is transmitted to humans principally by dog bites. This review compiled all laboratory-confirmed cases, animal sources, and virulence attributes to describe its epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis. An estimated 484 patients with a median age of 55 years were reported, two-thirds of which were male. The case-fatality rate was about 26 %. Its clinical presentations included severe sepsis and fatal septic shock, gangrene of the digits or extremities, high-grade bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, and eye infections. Predispositions were prior splenectomy in 59 patients and alcoholism in 58 patients. Dog bites before illness occurred in 60 %; additionally, in 27 %, there were scratches, licking, or other contact with dogs or cats. Patients with meningitis showed more advanced ages, higher male preponderance, lower mortality, and longer incubation periods after dog bites than patients with sepsis ( p < 0.05). Patients with prior splenectomy presented more frequently with high-grade bacteremia than patients with intact spleens ( p < 0.05). The organism possesses virulence attributes of catalase and sialidase production, gliding motility, cytotoxin production, and resistance to killing by serum complement due to its unique lipopolysaccharide. Penicillin is the drug of choice, but some practitioners prefer third-generation cephalosporins or beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. C. canimorsus has emerged as a leading cause of sepsis, particularly post-splenectomy sepsis, and meningitis after dog bites.

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Alcoholism ; Animals ; Bacteremia - diagnosis ; Bacteremia - epidemiology ; Bacteremia - microbiology ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Bites and Stings ; Capnocytophaga ; Capnocytophaga canimorsus ; Cats ; Cephaloridine ; Cephalosporins ; Disease Reservoirs - microbiology ; Dogs ; Endocarditis ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Medical colleges ; Medical Microbiology ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial - diagnosis ; Meningitis, Bacterial - epidemiology ; Meningitis, Bacterial - microbiology ; Moxalactam ; Postoperative Complications - diagnosis ; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications - microbiology ; Prevalence ; Review ; Sepsis - diagnosis ; Sepsis - epidemiology ; Sepsis - microbiology ; Septic shock ; Spleen ; Splenectomy - adverse effects ; Surgery ; Virulence (Microbiology) ; Virulence Factors

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European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases, 2015-04-01, Vol.34 (7), p.1271-1280

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title	Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites
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1	Animals
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7	Bites and Stings
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atitle	Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites
jtitle	European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases
stitle	Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
addtitle	Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
date	2015-04-01
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volume	34
issue	7
spage	1271
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pages	1271-1280
issn	0934-9723
eissn	1435-4373
abstract	Newly named in 1989, Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a bacterial pathogen found in the saliva of healthy dogs and cats, and is transmitted to humans principally by dog bites. This review compiled all laboratory-confirmed cases, animal sources, and virulence attributes to describe its epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis. An estimated 484 patients with a median age of 55 years were reported, two-thirds of which were male. The case-fatality rate was about 26 %. Its clinical presentations included severe sepsis and fatal septic shock, gangrene of the digits or extremities, high-grade bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, and eye infections. Predispositions were prior splenectomy in 59 patients and alcoholism in 58 patients. Dog bites before illness occurred in 60 %; additionally, in 27 %, there were scratches, licking, or other contact with dogs or cats. Patients with meningitis showed more advanced ages, higher male preponderance, lower mortality, and longer incubation periods after dog bites than patients with sepsis ( p < 0.05). Patients with prior splenectomy presented more frequently with high-grade bacteremia than patients with intact spleens ( p < 0.05). The organism possesses virulence attributes of catalase and sialidase production, gliding motility, cytotoxin production, and resistance to killing by serum complement due to its unique lipopolysaccharide. Penicillin is the drug of choice, but some practitioners prefer third-generation cephalosporins or beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. C. canimorsus has emerged as a leading cause of sepsis, particularly post-splenectomy sepsis, and meningitis after dog bites.
cop	Berlin/Heidelberg
pub	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
pmid	25828064
doi	10.1007/s10096-015-2360-7

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Capnocytophaga canimorsus: an emerging cause of sepsis, meningitis, and post-splenectomy infection after dog bites